绝密★启用前
2024届新高三开学摸底考试卷（课标全国专用）01
英 语 （考试版）
（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman suggest doing?
A. Going on a diet. B. Having some ice cream. C. Seeing a play.
2. What is the man doing?
A. Showing a way. B. Asking for directions. C. Making an invitation.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a theater. B. In a shop. C. In a children’s park.
4. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To buy a plane ticket. B. To book a hotel room. C. To leave a message for someone.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A teacher. B. A task. C. A movie.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man want to do?
A. Check in. B. Check out. C. Book a room.
7. How much will the man pay for the room?
A. $70. B. $280. C. $400.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What does the woman say about the man’s sunglasses?
A. They made the man look strange.
B. They made the man look energetic.
C. They cost more than she had expected.
9. How long did the woman keep the computer?
A For about six months. B. For about four months. C. For about two months.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man react to his daughter’s smoking?
A. He does his best to stop her smoking.
B. He doesn’t care about it at all.
C. He doesn’t know what to do.
11. Why does the man’s daughter smoke?
A. To be in good shape.
B. To become a model or an actress.
C. To ask for more attention from her parents.
12. What is the woman’s opinion on teenagers’ smoking?
A. Smoking advertisements should be banned.
B. Disciplines related to smoking should be established.
C. Teenagers should refuse to see the movies about smoking.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What month is it now?
A. July. B. August. C. September.
14. What is the woman going to do this September?
A. Start teaching. B. Join a club. C. Go to college.
15. Where did the woman teach children before?
A. In Prague. B. In London. C. In Manchester.
16. What does the woman’s father probably think of her being a teacher?
A. Satisfying. B. Unwise. C. Strange.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can listeners in the center do after the speech?
A. Work as a guide. B. Visit the center. C. Choose the instructors.
18. Who will teach jazz?
A. Diana. B. Jim. C. Steve.
19. When can students have baseball classes?
A. On Friday afternoons. B. On Saturday afternoons. C. On Sunday afternoons.
20. Which course is for beginners?
A. Badminton. B. Table tennis. C. Baseball.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
STEM Summer Programs for High School Students
STEM is a term that stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
Future Matters Program
It is an eight-week paid summer research experience for high school students. This is a hands-on program for worldwide students interested in going after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
Simons Summer Research
It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University. Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops, tours and events. They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cost-free program of its kind. During this seven-week program, students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this program, students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare oral presentations to present their research.
Program in Math for Young Scientists
This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe. Unlike common programs, it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study. Besides learning, there is also “mandatory (强制)fun time” built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
21. Which program will be summarized with written material?
A. Future Matters Program.
B. Simons Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute.
D. Program in Math for Young Scientists.
22. What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common?
A. Expense. B. Requirement. C. Duration. D. Content.
23. What’s special in Program in Math for Young Scientists?
A. Cultivating independent sill. B. Attending non-math activities.
C. Enrolling international students. D. Tailoring personal schedules.
B
When I was 13, I climbed my first mountain--a fairly gentle 3,900-foot peak. I was overweight at the time and out of breath when I reached the summit. But I loved challenging myself. Soon I’d climbed nearly 100 peaks. My parents were happy I’d finally found a hobby.
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen. She and I drove to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. It’s safer to start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m. At around9 a. m., we reached an ice step. It was about three or four feet tall and sloped al a 75-degree angle. 1 volunteered to go first. I placed my left foot on the ice step.
I gained a sense of the ice when 1 stuck my ax and crampons (鞋底钉) into it, and it felt good. Confident I was safe, I put my full weight on it. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and as the snowpack became thinner, a whole piece of ice broke off the step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward, bouncing off the rock face and rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I remember thinking, This is it. You’re done. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. That stopped my rolling down the mountain, but I was still sliding, After 2 few seconds, I came to a stop on a shallow slope.
I asked myself: Where are you? Mount Hood. What’s the date? December 30. Good. My brain was functioning. Then I checked my body to see where I was hurt. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg. Later I’d learn that I’d broken my femur (大腿骨) and that the bone was slicing into my skin and muscle.
At the bottom of Mount Hood, I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital. The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again, but I was back on the trails within six months.
24. Why did the author and her friend set out at 3 a. m. ?
A. It was the best time to enjoy scenery. B. It was more challenging to climb at night.
C. They wanted to finish the climb before sunset. D. They hoped to avoid some possible dangers.
25. Why is “a character in a video game” mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To show her strong character. B. To make her idea more convincing.
C. To help readers imagine the scene. D. To add to the humor of the description.
26. How did the author make sure she could still think clearly?
A. By recalling what had happened. B. By checking whether she was injured.
C. By calling an ambulance for rescue. D. By asking herself some factual questions.
27. What can we learn about the author?
A. She is too brave to pay attention to any danger.
B. R She has a strong desire for professional knowledge.
C. Setbacks can’t stop her from challenging herself.
D. The love for nature sets her apart from her friends.
C
Cancer is caused by gene mutations (突变) that accumulate in cells over time, yet long-lived animals that have lots of cells, such as elephants and whales, hardly ever get it. Why?
For elephants, at least, part of the answer may be the gene commonly known as p53, which also helps humans and many other animals repair DNA damaged during replication (复制). Elephants have an amazing 20 copies of this gene. Those copies, each with two variations produce a total of 40 proteins, compared with humans’ (and most animals’) single copy producing two proteins.
In mammals, p53 plays a crucial role in preventing mutated cells from turning into tumors (肿瘤). It works by pausing replication and then either initiating repair or causing cells to self-destruct if the damage is too extensive. Without action from p53, cancer can easily take hold: in more than half of all human cancers, the gene’s function has been lost through random mutations.
The scientists virtually modeled and studied carefully elephants’ 40 p53 proteins, finding two ways the gene could help elephants avoid cancer. First, the fact that elephants possess multiple copies lowers the chance of p53 no longer working because of mutations. Additionally, elephants’ p53 copies activate in response to varying mutations and so respond to damaged cells differently, which likely gives an edge when detecting and getting rid of mutations.
These “remarkable” results imply that elephants have a series of means though which p53 can operate, says Sue Haupt, a cell biologist who was not involved in the work. This points to “exciting possibilities for exploring powerful new approaches to cancer protection in humans,” she adds.
Study co-author Robin Fahraeus and his colleagues are now following up on these results using blood samples from an African elephant at the Vienna Zoo. They are exploring how its p53 proteins interact with damaged cells and plan to compare those findings with results from human cells.
28. What does the underlined word “initiating” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Delaying. B. Indicating. C. Stopping. D. Starting.
29. How do p53 copies free elephants from cancer?
A. By preventing the replication thoroughly.
B. By providing precise response continuously.
C. By lowering the chance of mutations in advance.
D. By repairing the damaged cells in the same way.
30. What can we conclude from the last 2 paragraphs?
A. The results need further tests.
B. More biologists will participate in the study.
C. The results throw light on humans’ fighting cancer.
D. Researchers have new findings in African elephants.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Why elephants don’t get cancer.
B. What contributes to elephants’ long life.
C. Where the anticancer breakthrough lies.
D. How the key cancer-fighting gene works.
D
The impact of the man-made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating, air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is contributing to sea level rise, and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study says.
Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% to 47% dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
Aside from Emperor penguins, other Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes, were also highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的)species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will also help humankind, as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B. Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C. Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.
D. Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.
33. Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A. To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic
B. To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C. To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D. To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
34. What is probably the best conservation policy?
A. Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.
B. Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C. Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D. Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B. Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C. More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica
D. The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We often try to save money for a variety of different reasons. It might be to save up for a new computer or put money aside into a rainy-day fund. 36 , but a recent study showed that over half of all 22~29-year-olds living in the UK have no savings at all. Did they max out on too many things, or are there other factors? And how can we become better savers?
First, put a stop to those impulse buys. 37 , even if it is on sale or looks like a bargain. Impulse buys are done in the heat of the moment and without thought for what it’s costing you. Encouraging yourself to question your purchase before you buy allows you to process what you are doing.
38 . Withdraw cash before you go to a restaurant or shopping and set a fixed budget you must stick to. Also, any change that comes from your transactions when you’re using cash can be put in jar and deposited into your account.
Finally, be disciplined. 39 . It’s about sticking to it, too. You shouldn’t be dipping into your savings every time you feel like it. Setting up a standing order from your current account into your savings the moment you receive your salary will ensure you keep up the habit. 40 .
Just as the old saying goes: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” These are some of the actions we can take to help us all become better savers.
A. Learning how to save is important
B. Ask about discounts and pay in cash
C. It’s not just about creating that budget
D. Sometimes, saving money can be difficult
E. Another way is to use cash rather than card
F. Ask yourself if you really need to buy something
G. Successful savers stick to their plans and watch the money pile up
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a cold, sunny December day when I set out for a run in Moab, Utah, with my dog, Taz. About an hour into my 41 along a remote canyon (峡谷) trail, I hit a patch of black ice (透明薄冰) and then 42 60 feet into the canyon. I wasn’t paralyzed, but I was in great 43 . Taz had managed to 44 his way back to me, so there must be a way out of the canyon, but I couldn’t 45 or even crawl.
I shouted for help and was intent on 46 myself to the bottom of the canyon. Every inch was an effort. It 47 me five hours to go a quarter of a mile. 48 , it got so dark that I had to stay where I was for the night, next to a puddle (水坑) of water. At night the temperature dropped below 49 . Taz stayed with me, 50 some warmth. The next morning, I couldn’t move at all. I tried to stay 51 _. The second night in the canyon seemed even 52 and colder. The puddle turned to ice, and I had to 53 it to get water.
On the third day, I felt myself growing weaker. I was coming to terms with the fact that I might 54 . In a last 55 , I called Taz over and told him to go and get help. Taz took off through the canyon and I lay there thinking about my family and friends. There was more that I wanted from life.
Taz returned, 56 . Then I heard an engine in the distance. I cried with joy. It 57 that Taz had found a search and 58 team. I was airlifted to the hospital, where doctors found I had lost almost half the 59 in my body. If the rescue team had arrived later, I wouldn’t have 60 it. I was grateful to my faithful friend -Taz.
41. A. move B. march C. walk D. run
42. A. fell B. jumped C. broke D. headed
43. A. loss B. shock C. pain D. need
44. A. push B. locate C. find D. confirm
45. A. stand B. escape C. cry D. shout
46. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. pulling
47. A. took B. cost C. wasted D. gave
48. A. Temporarily B. Eventually C. Fortunately D. Initially
49. A. normal B. boiling C. freezing D. average
50. A. admiring B. repeating C. delivering D. providing
51. A. humble B. confident C. positive D. negative
52. A. quieter B. longer C. shorter D. louder
53. A. sharpen B. adopt C. appreciate D. crack
54. A. agree B. help C. leave D. die
55. A. effort B. trial C. chance D. break
56. A. alive B. asleep C. awake D. alone
57. A. came out B. turned out C. proved out D. worked out
58. A. survey B. interview C. rescue D. sports
59. A. blood B. cells C. water D. sweat
60. A. entered B. made C. reached D. got
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists first discovered the two species in the Wolong National Nature Reserve in 2021. They later 61 (confirm) that they were new orchid and primrose species. And then, the tiny orchid, Gastrochilus heminii, 62 (list) as a data-deficient species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, meaning more information to assess its risk of 63 (extinct).
The primrose species, another data-deficient flora, grows on cliffs at an altitude of 3,400 meters. So far, scientists have only found one patch of this flower in the wild, 64 (make )it exceptionally rare.
China boasts some of the 65 (rich) biodiversity in the world and has a relatively fine flora protection system, according to a white paper on China’s biodiversity protection.
The reasons for the wealth of 66 (discovery) are new transportation infrastructure and technology enabling scientists to go deep into uncharted regions. The second reason is that as scientists’ understanding of taxonomy deepens, some flora species 67 were found in the past were later reclassified as new species. The third reason is that China’s massive ecological restoration programs have helped 68 number of some endangered species to reappear.
As of 2021, China had around 200 conservation botanical gardens, safeguarding more than 23,000 species of flora. Rare native plants hold research value and can also serve 69 the poster child for conservation efforts and get the public 70 (interest) in science and nature.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love reading. I love it so much that no matter where I go, and I will put a book in my bag. And I will take it out and read a couple of page when I am free. However, so a good habit also has its disadvantages. Once my mother had anything urgent to deal with and can’t spare time to cook. I promised her that I would cook. But thinking it was still earlier, I picked up a book to read. Soon I got lost in the story. Not until my mother came back I realize I forgot to cook the meal. In my relief, she didn’t blame me. She just reminded me to pay attention to protect my eyesight. What the good mother!
第二节(满分25分)
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校网站计划开设一个关于健康饮食的栏目(column)：营养在线(Nutrition Online)。请你给外教Mr．Smith写封邮件，邀请他担任栏目顾问。内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．介绍情况；
3．表达期待。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Smith,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
